Pharoah Names

Manetho (Greek equivalent)	Function
Ptah	Hephestus (Ptah)	Craftsmen & Creation
Ra	Helios (Apollo)	Sun
Shu	Aelos or Agathosdaimon (perhaps Sothis?) (Shu)	Air
Geb	Gaia (Demeter)	Earth
Osiris	Hades	Afterlife
Set	Typhon (Set)	Chaos, War
Horus	Zeus	War, Sky
Thoth	Hermes	Knowledge
Ma’at		Order

hirteenth Dynasty[edit]

The Thirteenth Dynasty (following the Turin King List) ruled from 1802 to around 1649 BC and lasted 153 or 154 years according to Manetho. This table should be contrasted with Known kings of the 13th Dynasty.

Name	Image	Comments	Dates
Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep I		Founded the 13th Dynasty. His reign is well attested. Referred to as Sobekhotep I in dominant hypothesis, known as Sobekhotep II in older studies	1802–1800 BC[47]
Sonbef		Perhaps a brother of Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep and son ofAmenemhat IV[47]	1800–1796 BC[47]
Nerikare			1796 BC
Sekhemkare Amenemhat V		3 to 4 years[47]	1796–1793 BC[47]
Ameny Qemau		Buried in his pyramid in south Dashur	1795–1792 BC
Hotepibre Qemau Siharnedjheritef		Also called Sehotepibre	1792–1790 BC
Iufni		Only attested on the Turin canon	Very short reign, possibly c. 1790 – 1788 BC[47]
Seankhibre Amenemhet VI		—	1788–1785 BC
Semenkare Nebnuni		—	1785–1783 BC[47] or 1739 BC[48]
Sehetepibre Sewesekhtawy		—	1783–1781 BC[47]
Sewadjkare		Known only from the Turin canon
Nedjemibre		Known only from the Turin canon	7 months, 1780 BC[47] or 1736 BC[49]
Khaankhre Sobekhotep		Referred to as Sobekhotep II in dominant hypothesis, known as Sobekhotep I in older studies	Reigned c. 3 years, 1780–1777 BC[47]
Renseneb		4 months	1777 BC[47]
Awybre Hor I		Famous for his intact tomb treasure and Ka statue	Reigned 1 year and 6 months, 1777–1775 BC[47]
Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw		Possibly a son of Hor Awibre	Estimated reign 3 years, 1775–1772 BC[47]
Djedkheperew		Possibly a son of Hor Awibre and brother of Khabaw, previously identified with Khendjer	Estimated reign 2 years, 1772–1770 BC[47]
Sebkay		Possibly two kings, Seb and his son Kay.[47]
Sedjefakare		A well known king attested on numerous stelas and other documents.	5 to 7 years or 3 years, 1769–1766 BC[47]
Khutawyre Wegaf		Founder of the dynasty in old studies	c. 1767 BC
Khendjer		Possibly the first semitic pharaoh, built a pyramid at Saqqara	Minimum 4 years and 3 months c. 1765 BC
Imyremeshaw		Attested by two colossal statues	Reigned less than 10 years, starting 1759 BC[47] or 1711 BC.[50]
Sehetepkare Intef IV		—	?
Seth Meribre		—	?
Sekhemresewadjtawy Sobekhotep III		4 years and 2 months	c. 1755–1751 BC
Khasekhemre Neferhotep I		11 years	1751–1740 BC
Menwadjre Sihathor		Ephemeral coregent with his brother Neferhotep I, may not have reigned independently.	1739 BC[47]
Khaneferre Sobekhotep IV		10 or 11 years	1740–1730 BC
Merhotepre Sobekhotep V		—	c. 1730 BC
Khahotepre Sobekhotep VI		4 years 8 months and 29 days	c. 1725 BC
Wahibre Ibiau		10 years and 8 months	1725–1714 BC or 1712–1701 BC[47]
Merneferre Ay I		Longest reigning king of the dynasty	23 years, 8 months and 18 days, 1701–1677 BC[47] or 1714–1691 BC
Merhotepre Ini		Possibly a son of his predecessor	2 Years 3 or 4 Months and 9 days, 1677–1675 BC[47] or 1691–1689 BC
Sankhenre Sewadjtu		Attested only on the Turin canon	3 years and 2–4 months, 1675–1672 BC[47]
Mersekhemre Ined		May be the same person as Neferhotep II	3 years, 1672–1669 BC[47]
Sewadjkare Hori		5 years	?
Merkawre Sobekhotep VII		2 years and 6 months [47]	1664–1663 BC[47]
Seven kings		Names lost in a lacuna of the Turin canon [47]	1663 BC –?[47]
Mer[…]re		—	?
Merkheperre		—	Some time between 1663 BC and 1649 BC [47]
Merkare		—	Some time between 1663 BC and 1649 BC [47]
Name lost		—	?
Sewadjare Mentuhotep V Twenty-ninth Dynasty[edit] The Twenty-ninth Dynasty ruled from 398 to 380 BC: Name Image Comments Dates Baenre Nefaarud I Also known as Nepherites. Defeated Amyrtaeus in open battle and had him executed. 398–393 BC Psammuthes – 393 BC Khenemmaatre Hakor (Achoris) Overthrew his predecessor Psammuthes. Father of Nefaarud II. 393–380 BC Nefaarud II Was deposed and likely killed by Nectanebo I after ruling for only 4 months. Son of Hakor. 380 BC Thirtieth Dynasty[edit] The Thirtieth Dynasty ruled from 380 until Egypt once more came under Persian rule in 343 BC: Name Image Comments Dates Kheperkare Nekhtnebef (Nectanebo I) Also known as Nekhtnebef. Deposed and likely killed Nefaarud II, starting the last dynasty of native Egyptians. Father of Teos. 380–362 BC Irimaatenre Djedher (Teos) Co-regent with his father Nectanebo I from about 365 BC. Was overthrown by Nectanebo II with the aid of Agesilaus II of Sparta. 362–360 BC Senedjemibre Nakhthorhebyt (Nectanebo II) Last native ruler of ancient Egypt[75] 360–343 BC Thirty-first Dynasty[edit] Egypt again came under the control of the Achaemenid Persians. After the practice of Manetho, the Persian rulers from 343 to 332 BC are occasionally designated as the Thirty-first Dynasty: Name Image Comments Dates Artaxerxes III Egypt came under Persian rule for the second time 343–338 BC Artaxerxes IV Arses Only reigned in Lower Egypt 338–336 BC Khababash Rebel pharaoh who led an invasion in Nubia 338–335 BC Darius III Upper Egypt returned to Persian control in 335 BC 336–332 BC Argead Dynasty[edit] The Macedonians under Alexander the Great ushered in the Hellenistic period with his conquest of Persia and Egypt. The Argeads ruled from 332 to 309 BC: Name Image Comments Dates Setepenre-meryamun Alexander III (Alexander the Great) Macedon conquered Persia and Egypt 332–323 BC Philip III Arrhidaeus Feeble-minded half-brother of Alexander III the Great 323–317 BC Haaibre Alexander IV Son of Alexander III the Great and Roxana 317–309 BC Ptolemaic Dynasty[edit] The second Hellenistic dynasty, the Ptolemies, ruled Egypt from 305 BC until Egypt became a province of Rome in 30 BC (whenever two dates overlap, that means there was a co-regency). The most famous member of this dynasty was Cleopatra VII, who in modern times is known simply as Cleopatra who was successively the consort of Julius Caesar and after Caesar’s death, of Mark Antony, and had children with both of them. Cleopatra strove to create a dynastic and political union between Egypt and Rome but the assassination of Caesar and the defeat of Mark Antony doomed her plans. Caesarion (Ptolemy XV Philopator Philometor Caesar) was the last king of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt, he reigned jointly with his mother Cleopatra VII of Egypt, from September 2, 47 BC. He was the eldest son of Cleopatra VII, and possibly the only son of Julius Caesar, after whom he was named. Between the alleged death of Cleopatra, on August 12, 30 BC, up to his own alleged death on August 23, 30 BC, he was nominally the sole pharaoh. It is tradition that he was hunted down and killed on the orders of Octavian, who would become the Roman emperor Augustus, but the historical evidence does not exist. Name Image Comments Dates Setepenre-meryamun Ptolemy I Soter Abdicated in 285 BC; died in 283 BC 305–285 BC Berenice I Wife of Ptolemy I  ?–285 BC Weserkare-meryamun Ptolemy II Philadelphos – 288–246 BC Arsinoe I Wife of Ptolemy II 284/281–c. 274 BC Arsinoe II Wife of Ptolemy II 277–270 BC Ptolemy III Euergetes I – 246–222 BC Berenice II Wife of Ptolemy III 244/243–222 BC Ptolemy IV Philopator – 222–204 BC Arsinoe III Wife of Ptolemy IV 220–204 BC Hugronaphor Revolutionary Pharaoh in the South 205–199 BC Ankhmakis Revolutionary Pharaoh in the South 199–185 BC Ptolemy V Epiphanes Upper Egypt in revolt 207–186 BC 204–180 BC Cleopatra I Wife of Ptolemy V, co-regent with Ptolemy VI during his minority 193–176 BC Ptolemy VI Philometor Died 145 BC 180–164 BC Cleopatra II Wife of Ptolemy VI 175–164 BC Ptolemy VIIIEuergetes II Proclaimed king by Alexandrians in 170 BC; ruled jointly with Ptolemy VI Philometor and Cleopatra II from 169 to 164 BC. Died 116 BC 171–163 BC Ptolemy VI Philometor Egypt under the control of Ptolemy VIII 164 BC–163 BC; Ptolemy VI restored 163 BC 163–145 BC Cleopatra II Married Ptolemy VIII; led revolt against him in 131 BC and became sole ruler of Egypt. 163–127 BC Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator Proclaimed co-ruler by father; later ruled under regency of his mother Cleopatra II 145–144 BC Ptolemy VIIIEuergetes II Restored 145–131 BC Cleopatra III Second wife of Ptolemy VIII 142–131 BC Ptolemy Memphitis Proclaimed King by Cleopatra II; soon killed by Ptolemy VIII 131 BC Ptolemy VIIIEuergetes II Restored 127–116 BC Cleopatra III Restored with Ptolemy VIII; later co-regent with Ptolemy IX and X. 127–107 BC Cleopatra II Reconciled with Ptolemy VIII; co-ruled with Cleopatra III and Ptolemy until 116. 124–116 BC Ptolemy IX Soter II Died 80 BC 116–110 BC Cleopatra IV Shortly married to Ptolemy IX, but was pushed out by Cleopatra III 116–115 BC Ptolemy X Alexander I Died 88 BC 110–109 BC Berenice III Forced to marry Ptolemy XI; murdered on his orders 19 days later 81–80 BC Ptolemy XI Alexander II Young son of Ptolemy X Alexander; installed by Sulla; ruled for 80 days before being lynched by citizens for killing Berenice III 80 BC Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos (Auletes) Son of Ptolemy IX; died 51 BC 80–58 BC Cleopatra VTryphaena Wife of Ptolemy XII, mother of Berenice IV 79–68 BC Cleopatra VI Daughter of Ptolemy XII 58–57 BC Berenice IV Daughter of Ptolemy XII; forced to marry Seleucus Kybiosaktes, but has him strangled. Joint rule with Cleopatra VI until 57 BC. 58–55 BC Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos Restored; reigned briefly with his daughter Cleopatra VII before his death 55–51 BC Cleopatra VII Jointly with her father Ptolemy XII, her brother Ptolemy XIII, her brother-husband Ptolemy XIV, and her son Ptolemy XV; also known simply asCleopatra 51–30 BC Ptolemy XIII Brother of Cleopatra VII 51–47 BC Arsinoe IV In opposition to Cleopatra VII 48–47 BC Ptolemy XIV Younger brother of Cleopatra VII and Ptolemy XIII 47–44 BC Ptolemy XV Infant son of Cleopatra VII; aged 3 when proclaimed co-ruler with Cleopatra. Last known ruler of ancient Egypt when Rome took over.		—